1:1 Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, ①called as an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God,
▷ ①Lit a called apostle
1:2 which He promised beforehand through His prophets in the holy Scriptures,
1:3 concerning His Son, who was born of a ①descendant of David according to the flesh,
▷ ①Lit seed
1:4 who was declared the Son of God with power according to the ①Spirit of holiness ②by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord,
▷ ①Or spirit ②Or as a result of
1:5 through whom we have received grace and apostleship ①to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles in behalf of His name,
▷ ①Lit for obedience
1:6 among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ;
1:7 to all who are beloved of God in Rome, called as ①saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
▷ ①Lit holy ones; i.e., God’s people
1:8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ ①for you all, because your faith is being proclaimed throughout the world.
▷ ①Or concerning you all, that...
1:9 For God, whom I serve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how unceasingly I make mention of you,
1:10 always in my prayers requesting if perhaps now, at last by the will of God, I will succeed in coming to you.
1:11 For I long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be ①established;
▷ ①Or strengthened
1:12 that is, that I may be encouraged together with you while among you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine.
1:13 I do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, that often I have planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some fruit among you also just as among the rest of the Gentiles.
1:14 I am ①under obligation both to Greeks and to the ②uncultured, both to the wise and to the foolish.
▷ ①I.e., non-Hellenes ②Lit debtor
1:15 So, for my part, I am eager to preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.
1:16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.
1:17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed ①from faith to faith; as it is written: “ ②BUT THE RIGHTEOUS one will live by faith.”
▷ ①Or by ②Or But the one who is righteous by faith shall live
1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who suppress the truth ①in unrighteousness,
▷ ①Or by
1:19 because that which is known about God is evident ①within them; for God made it evident to them.
▷ ①Or among
1:20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, that is, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, being understood by what has been made, so that they are without excuse.
1:21 For even though they knew God, they did not ①honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their reasonings, and their senseless hearts were darkened.
▷ ①Lit glorify
1:22 Claiming to be wise, they became fools,
1:23 and they exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible mankind, of birds, four-footed animals, and ①crawling creatures.
▷ ①Or reptiles
1:24 Therefore God gave them up to vile impurity in the lusts of their hearts, so that their bodies would be dishonored among them.
1:25 For they exchanged the truth of God for ①falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed ②forever. Amen.
▷ ①Lit the lie ②Lit unto the ages
1:26 For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged natural relations for that which is contrary to nature,
1:27 and likewise the men, too, abandoned natural relations ①with women and burned in their desire toward one another, males with males committing ②shameful acts and receiving in ③their own persons the due penalty of their error.
▷ ①Lit of the female ②Lit shamelessness ③Lit themselves
1:28 And just as they did not see fit ①to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper,
▷ ①Lit to have God in knowledge
1:29 people having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice; they are gossips,
1:30 slanderers, ①haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents,
▷ ①Or hateful to God
1:31 without understanding, untrustworthy, unfeeling, and unmerciful;
1:32 and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, they not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them.